Determination of Water Requirements and Irrigation Scheduling for Major Cereal Crops Grown in Welmera District, Central Highland of Ethiopia

Nigusie Abebe; Mohammed Temam

doi:doi:10.11648/j.wros.20241303.12

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Determination of Water Requirements and Irrigation Scheduling for Major Cereal Crops Grown in Welmera District, Central Highland of Ethiopia

Nigusie Abebe^*

, Mohammed Temam

Published in Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science (Volume 13, Issue 3)

Received: 12 July 2024 Accepted: 6 August 2024 Published: 20 August 2024

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Abstract

Determination of crop water requirements and appropriate irrigation scheduling is important to prevent over or under-irrigation. The study was conducted to determine the crop water requirement and irrigation scheduling of the selected cereal crops grown under irrigated conditions at Holeta, Central Highland of Ethiopia. The crops include wheat, maize, and barley. By using the 30-years climatic data, the crop evapotranspiration (ETc), reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo), and irrigation water requirement for each crop were determined by using the CROPWAT model which is based on FAO-Penman Monteith equation. The results indicated that, the CWR for the early January sown wheat, maize, and barley was 380.2mm, 433.2mm, and 399.2mm respectively. The seasonal gross irrigation requirement was estimated to be 633.67 mm, 722 mm, and 665.33 mm for wheat, maize, and barley respectively. for 1^st January sown wheat, maize, and barley, irrigation should be given nine times for wheat (1-Jan, 10-Jan, 21-Jan,5-Feb, 16-Feb, 26-Feb, 11-Mar, 25-Mar, and last irrigation on 10-Apr), with GIR application of 50.3mm, 28.1mm, 34.6mm, 48.2mm,56.6mm,67.2mm,69.5mm, 66.2mm, and 72.3mm depth respectively. Seven times for maize (1-Jan, 19-Jan, 5-Feb, 19-Feb, 6-Mar, 21-Mar, and last irrigation on 10-Apr) with GIR of 54.1mm, 51.2mm, 73mm, 89.8mm,96.9mm, 97.7mm, and 100.8mm depth respectively and eight times for barley (1-Jan, 11-Jan, 25-Jan, 6-Feb, 16-Feb, 1-Mar, 15-Mar and last irrigation on 30-Mar) with GIR amount of 42.5mm, 29mm, 39.6mm, 54.1mm, 60mm, 61.6mm, 63.1mm, and 64.1mm depth at each irrigation date respectively. This study might be useful in preventing over or under-irrigation and planning water management strategies in the district for the selected crops.

Published in	Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science (Volume 13, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.wros.20241303.12
Page(s)	73-83
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cropwat 8.0, Crop Water Requirement, Irrigation Water Requirement, Irrigation Scheduling and Cereal Crops

References

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APA Style

Abebe, N., Temam, M. (2024). Determination of Water Requirements and Irrigation Scheduling for Major Cereal Crops Grown in Welmera District, Central Highland of Ethiopia. Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science, 13(3), 73-83. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20241303.12

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ACS Style

Abebe, N.; Temam, M. Determination of Water Requirements and Irrigation Scheduling for Major Cereal Crops Grown in Welmera District, Central Highland of Ethiopia. J. Water Resour. Ocean Sci. 2024, 13(3), 73-83. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20241303.12

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AMA Style

Abebe N, Temam M. Determination of Water Requirements and Irrigation Scheduling for Major Cereal Crops Grown in Welmera District, Central Highland of Ethiopia. J Water Resour Ocean Sci. 2024;13(3):73-83. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20241303.12

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@article{10.11648/j.wros.20241303.12,
  author = {Nigusie Abebe and Mohammed Temam},
  title = {Determination of Water Requirements and Irrigation Scheduling for Major Cereal Crops Grown in Welmera District, Central Highland of Ethiopia
},
  journal = {Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3},
  pages = {73-83},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wros.20241303.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20241303.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wros.20241303.12},
  abstract = {Determination of crop water requirements and appropriate irrigation scheduling is important to prevent over or under-irrigation. The study was conducted to determine the crop water requirement and irrigation scheduling of the selected cereal crops grown under irrigated conditions at Holeta, Central Highland of Ethiopia. The crops include wheat, maize, and barley. By using the 30-years climatic data, the crop evapotranspiration (ETc), reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo), and irrigation water requirement for each crop were determined by using the CROPWAT model which is based on FAO-Penman Monteith equation. The results indicated that, the CWR for the early January sown wheat, maize, and barley was 380.2mm, 433.2mm, and 399.2mm respectively. The seasonal gross irrigation requirement was estimated to be 633.67 mm, 722 mm, and 665.33 mm for wheat, maize, and barley respectively. for 1st January sown wheat, maize, and barley, irrigation should be given nine times for wheat (1-Jan, 10-Jan, 21-Jan,5-Feb, 16-Feb, 26-Feb, 11-Mar, 25-Mar, and last irrigation on 10-Apr), with GIR application of 50.3mm, 28.1mm, 34.6mm, 48.2mm,56.6mm,67.2mm,69.5mm, 66.2mm, and 72.3mm depth respectively. Seven times for maize (1-Jan, 19-Jan, 5-Feb, 19-Feb, 6-Mar, 21-Mar, and last irrigation on 10-Apr) with GIR of 54.1mm, 51.2mm, 73mm, 89.8mm,96.9mm, 97.7mm, and 100.8mm depth respectively and eight times for barley (1-Jan, 11-Jan, 25-Jan, 6-Feb, 16-Feb, 1-Mar, 15-Mar and last irrigation on 30-Mar) with GIR amount of 42.5mm, 29mm, 39.6mm, 54.1mm, 60mm, 61.6mm, 63.1mm, and 64.1mm depth at each irrigation date respectively. This study might be useful in preventing over or under-irrigation and planning water management strategies in the district for the selected crops.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Determination of Water Requirements and Irrigation Scheduling for Major Cereal Crops Grown in Welmera District, Central Highland of Ethiopia

AU  - Nigusie Abebe
AU  - Mohammed Temam
Y1  - 2024/08/20
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20241303.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.wros.20241303.12
T2  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JF  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JO  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
SP  - 73
EP  - 83
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7993
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20241303.12
AB  - Determination of crop water requirements and appropriate irrigation scheduling is important to prevent over or under-irrigation. The study was conducted to determine the crop water requirement and irrigation scheduling of the selected cereal crops grown under irrigated conditions at Holeta, Central Highland of Ethiopia. The crops include wheat, maize, and barley. By using the 30-years climatic data, the crop evapotranspiration (ETc), reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo), and irrigation water requirement for each crop were determined by using the CROPWAT model which is based on FAO-Penman Monteith equation. The results indicated that, the CWR for the early January sown wheat, maize, and barley was 380.2mm, 433.2mm, and 399.2mm respectively. The seasonal gross irrigation requirement was estimated to be 633.67 mm, 722 mm, and 665.33 mm for wheat, maize, and barley respectively. for 1st January sown wheat, maize, and barley, irrigation should be given nine times for wheat (1-Jan, 10-Jan, 21-Jan,5-Feb, 16-Feb, 26-Feb, 11-Mar, 25-Mar, and last irrigation on 10-Apr), with GIR application of 50.3mm, 28.1mm, 34.6mm, 48.2mm,56.6mm,67.2mm,69.5mm, 66.2mm, and 72.3mm depth respectively. Seven times for maize (1-Jan, 19-Jan, 5-Feb, 19-Feb, 6-Mar, 21-Mar, and last irrigation on 10-Apr) with GIR of 54.1mm, 51.2mm, 73mm, 89.8mm,96.9mm, 97.7mm, and 100.8mm depth respectively and eight times for barley (1-Jan, 11-Jan, 25-Jan, 6-Feb, 16-Feb, 1-Mar, 15-Mar and last irrigation on 30-Mar) with GIR amount of 42.5mm, 29mm, 39.6mm, 54.1mm, 60mm, 61.6mm, 63.1mm, and 64.1mm depth at each irrigation date respectively. This study might be useful in preventing over or under-irrigation and planning water management strategies in the district for the selected crops.

VL  - 13
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Nigusie Abebe

Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Holeta Agricultural Research Center, Holeta, Ethiopia

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http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5441-0414
Mohammed Temam

Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Holeta Agricultural Research Center, Holeta, Ethiopia

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Abebe, N., Temam, M. (2024). Determination of Water Requirements and Irrigation Scheduling for Major Cereal Crops Grown in Welmera District, Central Highland of Ethiopia. Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science, 13(3), 73-83. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20241303.12

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ACS Style

Abebe, N.; Temam, M. Determination of Water Requirements and Irrigation Scheduling for Major Cereal Crops Grown in Welmera District, Central Highland of Ethiopia. J. Water Resour. Ocean Sci. 2024, 13(3), 73-83. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20241303.12

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AMA Style

Abebe N, Temam M. Determination of Water Requirements and Irrigation Scheduling for Major Cereal Crops Grown in Welmera District, Central Highland of Ethiopia. J Water Resour Ocean Sci. 2024;13(3):73-83. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20241303.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.wros.20241303.12,
  author = {Nigusie Abebe and Mohammed Temam},
  title = {Determination of Water Requirements and Irrigation Scheduling for Major Cereal Crops Grown in Welmera District, Central Highland of Ethiopia
},
  journal = {Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3},
  pages = {73-83},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wros.20241303.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20241303.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wros.20241303.12},
  abstract = {Determination of crop water requirements and appropriate irrigation scheduling is important to prevent over or under-irrigation. The study was conducted to determine the crop water requirement and irrigation scheduling of the selected cereal crops grown under irrigated conditions at Holeta, Central Highland of Ethiopia. The crops include wheat, maize, and barley. By using the 30-years climatic data, the crop evapotranspiration (ETc), reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo), and irrigation water requirement for each crop were determined by using the CROPWAT model which is based on FAO-Penman Monteith equation. The results indicated that, the CWR for the early January sown wheat, maize, and barley was 380.2mm, 433.2mm, and 399.2mm respectively. The seasonal gross irrigation requirement was estimated to be 633.67 mm, 722 mm, and 665.33 mm for wheat, maize, and barley respectively. for 1st January sown wheat, maize, and barley, irrigation should be given nine times for wheat (1-Jan, 10-Jan, 21-Jan,5-Feb, 16-Feb, 26-Feb, 11-Mar, 25-Mar, and last irrigation on 10-Apr), with GIR application of 50.3mm, 28.1mm, 34.6mm, 48.2mm,56.6mm,67.2mm,69.5mm, 66.2mm, and 72.3mm depth respectively. Seven times for maize (1-Jan, 19-Jan, 5-Feb, 19-Feb, 6-Mar, 21-Mar, and last irrigation on 10-Apr) with GIR of 54.1mm, 51.2mm, 73mm, 89.8mm,96.9mm, 97.7mm, and 100.8mm depth respectively and eight times for barley (1-Jan, 11-Jan, 25-Jan, 6-Feb, 16-Feb, 1-Mar, 15-Mar and last irrigation on 30-Mar) with GIR amount of 42.5mm, 29mm, 39.6mm, 54.1mm, 60mm, 61.6mm, 63.1mm, and 64.1mm depth at each irrigation date respectively. This study might be useful in preventing over or under-irrigation and planning water management strategies in the district for the selected crops.
},
 year = {2024}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Determination of Water Requirements and Irrigation Scheduling for Major Cereal Crops Grown in Welmera District, Central Highland of Ethiopia

AU  - Nigusie Abebe
AU  - Mohammed Temam
Y1  - 2024/08/20
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20241303.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.wros.20241303.12
T2  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JF  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JO  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
SP  - 73
EP  - 83
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7993
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20241303.12
AB  - Determination of crop water requirements and appropriate irrigation scheduling is important to prevent over or under-irrigation. The study was conducted to determine the crop water requirement and irrigation scheduling of the selected cereal crops grown under irrigated conditions at Holeta, Central Highland of Ethiopia. The crops include wheat, maize, and barley. By using the 30-years climatic data, the crop evapotranspiration (ETc), reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo), and irrigation water requirement for each crop were determined by using the CROPWAT model which is based on FAO-Penman Monteith equation. The results indicated that, the CWR for the early January sown wheat, maize, and barley was 380.2mm, 433.2mm, and 399.2mm respectively. The seasonal gross irrigation requirement was estimated to be 633.67 mm, 722 mm, and 665.33 mm for wheat, maize, and barley respectively. for 1st January sown wheat, maize, and barley, irrigation should be given nine times for wheat (1-Jan, 10-Jan, 21-Jan,5-Feb, 16-Feb, 26-Feb, 11-Mar, 25-Mar, and last irrigation on 10-Apr), with GIR application of 50.3mm, 28.1mm, 34.6mm, 48.2mm,56.6mm,67.2mm,69.5mm, 66.2mm, and 72.3mm depth respectively. Seven times for maize (1-Jan, 19-Jan, 5-Feb, 19-Feb, 6-Mar, 21-Mar, and last irrigation on 10-Apr) with GIR of 54.1mm, 51.2mm, 73mm, 89.8mm,96.9mm, 97.7mm, and 100.8mm depth respectively and eight times for barley (1-Jan, 11-Jan, 25-Jan, 6-Feb, 16-Feb, 1-Mar, 15-Mar and last irrigation on 30-Mar) with GIR amount of 42.5mm, 29mm, 39.6mm, 54.1mm, 60mm, 61.6mm, 63.1mm, and 64.1mm depth at each irrigation date respectively. This study might be useful in preventing over or under-irrigation and planning water management strategies in the district for the selected crops.

VL  - 13
IS  - 3
ER  -

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