Assessment of Morphometric Characteristics and Gully Development Susceptibility in Itu Local Government Area Using Geographic Information System

Ehiremen Lucky; Abraham Comfort; Saturday Unyime

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jenr.20241303.12

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Assessment of Morphometric Characteristics and Gully Development Susceptibility in Itu Local Government Area Using Geographic Information System

Ehiremen Lucky, Abraham Comfort, Saturday Unyime^*

Published in Journal of Energy and Natural Resources (Volume 13, Issue 3)

Received: 17 July 2024 Accepted: 9 August 2024 Published: 27 August 2024

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Abstract

The intensification in urbanization and wrong termination of drains into ravine has resulted in gully development which has rendered people homeless and reduced agricultural and economic development. Consequently, this study assessed morphometric characteristics and gully development susceptibility in Itu Local Government Area using Geographic Information System. In conducting this study, measurement of the morphometric parameters of the identified gullies were carried out while the susceptibility extent of gully development was done using multi-criteria technique in GIS. In assessing the characteristics features of the gullies, Field surveys measurements of gully morphology and hydraulic variables were carried out by the researcher using Global Positioning System (GPS), measuring tape, ranging pole, etc. This help in determining gullied land volume and cross-sectional area. Result of the study shows that the measured gully depth varies from 6.4m at Obong Itam to 25.8m at Enen Atai, while the gully width ranges from 4.1m in Ikot Ekang to 9.3m in Ntiat Itam. The cross-sectional profiles ranges from 45.43m² to 165.12m². Also, the cross-sectional profile of the area indicative of V-shape to U- shape, all with very narrow gully width and steeply sloping gully sides, which are features of gullies developed on very loose and incoherent soils that slump/collapse on exposure. On the other hand, the mean sand composition of the soil was 62.2% ranging between 55.3-70.1 while silt ranges from 17.7-25.2 with a mean of 20.2% and clay ranging between 10.0-21.9 with mean of 17.7%. The correlation matrix between the gully depth and cross- sectional area (0.84) and is significant at 99% confidence level, meaning that the retreat of gully sides take place at rates proportional to the rate of gully deepening. In assessing the susceptibility extent of gully development in Itu Local Government Area using multi-criteria Analysis technique, the summary of the map shows that 52.94% of the total study area are highly susceptible to gully development, 28.19% are moderately susceptible while 9.31% and 9.56% marginally and not susceptible respectively to gully development in Itu local government area. The study concludes that the poor soil quality attributes, soil conservation and management practices contribute to gully development in the area, hence, the need for government to enact laws against such activities that favour gully growth and initialization.

Published in	Journal of Energy and Natural Resources (Volume 13, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.jenr.20241303.12
Page(s)	125-137
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Morphometry, GIS, Gully, Susceptibility

References

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[2]	Abraham C., Rogers, W. and John D. (2018) Evaluation of Community Efforts in Gully Management in Ikot Obong Edong, Itu, Akwa Ibom State; Gender Perspective. International Journal of Social Science. 12(2) April-June.
[3]	Adegboyega, O. (2019) The Impact of Soil Erosion on Agricultural Land and Productivity in Efon Alaaye, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Journals of Tropical Agriculture 4(1) 42-49.
[4]	Aditya, S. (2016). Role of Women in Environmental Conservation. International Journal of Political Science and Development 4(4) Pp. 140-145.
[5]	Bera A, Mukhopadhyay BP, Das D. (2019) Landslide hazard zonation mapping using multicriteria analysis with the help of GIS techniques: a case study from Eastern Himalayas, Namchi, South Sikkim. Nat Hazards. 96(2): 935–959.
[6]	Akanwa, C. (2017) studied Changing Climate and the Effect of Gully Erosion on Akpo Community Farmers in Anambra State, Nigeria. International Journals of Soil Sciences 3(1) 67-72.
[7]	Comfort A., Unyime S., Akan T. and Isaac I. (2019) Soil Physical Properties: A Determinant of Soils Susceptibility to Gully Erosion Menace in Uyo Metropolis, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. International Journal of Social Sciences 12(3) 125-137.
[8]	Feng, L., and Li, B. B. (2018). Establishment of high precision terrain model of eroded gully with UAV oblique aerial photos and ground control points. Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Eng. 34, 88–95.
[9]	Frankl, A.; Deckers, J.; Moulaert, L.; Van Damme, A.; Haile, M.; Poesen, J.; Nyssen, J. (2014) Integrated Solutions for Combating Gully Erosion in Areas Prone to Soil Piping: Innovations from the Drylands of Northern Ethiopia. Land Degradation and Development; 2014.
[10]	Ibitoye, M., Ekanade, O., Jeje, L., O. and Eludoyin, A. (2021) Characterisation of gully formed in built up area in southwestern Nigeria. African Journal of Geography and Regional Planning 8(4), 001-008.
[11]	Nigerian Erosion and Watershed Management Project (NEWMAP) (2017) Akwa Ibom State Project Management Unit Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for Etim Umana Gully Erosion Site in Uyo L. G. A. of Akwa Ibom State Final Report.
[12]	Oparaku, A. and Iwar, E. (2016) studied Relative Vulnerability to Gully Erosion of Three Geological Sediments: A Texture-Based Assessment. Journals of Environmental Management. 5(2) 121-142.
[13]	Poessen, J., Verstaetan, J. and Valentine, S. (2020). Gully erosion and environmental Change: importance and Research needs catena 50(2-4) pp 91-133 Reviews in Engineering Geology, Geological Society of America.
[14]	Pu, L. M., Zhang, S. W., Wang, R. H., Chang, L. P., and Yang, J. C. (2016). Analysis of erosion gully information extraction based on multi-resource remote sensing images. Geogr. Geo-Inf. Sci. 32, 90–94.
[15]	Rysin, I., Grigoriev, I., Zaytseva, M., Golosov, V., and Sharifullin, A. (2017). Longterm monitoring of gully erosion in Udmurt republic, russia. Proc. IAHS. 375, 1–4.
[16]	Saaty T. (1980). The Analytic Hierarchy Process. New York (NY): Mc Graw Hill Company.
[17]	Udosen, C. (2019) ‘’Gully erosion and cities: An unwanted partnership’’. A paper presented at the Faculty of Social Sciences Seminar on February, CBN Hall, University of Uyo.
[18]	Xiaobing L, Hao L, Shengmin Z, Richard M. C and Xing Z (2019) “Gully Erosion Control Practices in Northeast China: A Review”. Sustainability, 11(18).

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APA Style

Lucky, E., Comfort, A., Unyime, S. (2024). Assessment of Morphometric Characteristics and Gully Development Susceptibility in Itu Local Government Area Using Geographic Information System. Journal of Energy and Natural Resources, 13(3), 125-137. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20241303.12

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ACS Style

Lucky, E.; Comfort, A.; Unyime, S. Assessment of Morphometric Characteristics and Gully Development Susceptibility in Itu Local Government Area Using Geographic Information System. J. Energy Nat. Resour. 2024, 13(3), 125-137. doi: 10.11648/j.jenr.20241303.12

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AMA Style

Lucky E, Comfort A, Unyime S. Assessment of Morphometric Characteristics and Gully Development Susceptibility in Itu Local Government Area Using Geographic Information System. J Energy Nat Resour. 2024;13(3):125-137. doi: 10.11648/j.jenr.20241303.12

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@article{10.11648/j.jenr.20241303.12,
  author = {Ehiremen Lucky and Abraham Comfort and Saturday Unyime},
  title = {Assessment of Morphometric Characteristics and Gully Development Susceptibility in Itu Local Government Area Using Geographic Information System
},
  journal = {Journal of Energy and Natural Resources},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3},
  pages = {125-137},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jenr.20241303.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20241303.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jenr.20241303.12},
  abstract = {The intensification in urbanization and wrong termination of drains into ravine has resulted in gully development which has rendered people homeless and reduced agricultural and economic development. Consequently, this study assessed morphometric characteristics and gully development susceptibility in Itu Local Government Area using Geographic Information System. In conducting this study, measurement of the morphometric parameters of the identified gullies were carried out while the susceptibility extent of gully development was done using multi-criteria technique in GIS. In assessing the characteristics features of the gullies, Field surveys measurements of gully morphology and hydraulic variables were carried out by the researcher using Global Positioning System (GPS), measuring tape, ranging pole, etc. This help in determining gullied land volume and cross-sectional area. Result of the study shows that the measured gully depth varies from 6.4m at Obong Itam to 25.8m at Enen Atai, while the gully width ranges from 4.1m in Ikot Ekang to 9.3m in Ntiat Itam. The cross-sectional profiles ranges from 45.43m2 to 165.12m2. Also, the cross-sectional profile of the area indicative of V-shape to U- shape, all with very narrow gully width and steeply sloping gully sides, which are features of gullies developed on very loose and incoherent soils that slump/collapse on exposure. On the other hand, the mean sand composition of the soil was 62.2% ranging between 55.3-70.1 while silt ranges from 17.7-25.2 with a mean of 20.2% and clay ranging between 10.0-21.9 with mean of 17.7%. The correlation matrix between the gully depth and cross- sectional area (0.84) and is significant at 99% confidence level, meaning that the retreat of gully sides take place at rates proportional to the rate of gully deepening. In assessing the susceptibility extent of gully development in Itu Local Government Area using multi-criteria Analysis technique, the summary of the map shows that 52.94% of the total study area are highly susceptible to gully development, 28.19% are moderately susceptible while 9.31% and 9.56% marginally and not susceptible respectively to gully development in Itu local government area. The study concludes that the poor soil quality attributes, soil conservation and management practices contribute to gully development in the area, hence, the need for government to enact laws against such activities that favour gully growth and initialization.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessment of Morphometric Characteristics and Gully Development Susceptibility in Itu Local Government Area Using Geographic Information System

AU  - Ehiremen Lucky
AU  - Abraham Comfort
AU  - Saturday Unyime
Y1  - 2024/08/27
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20241303.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.jenr.20241303.12
T2  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
JF  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
JO  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
SP  - 125
EP  - 137
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7404
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20241303.12
AB  - The intensification in urbanization and wrong termination of drains into ravine has resulted in gully development which has rendered people homeless and reduced agricultural and economic development. Consequently, this study assessed morphometric characteristics and gully development susceptibility in Itu Local Government Area using Geographic Information System. In conducting this study, measurement of the morphometric parameters of the identified gullies were carried out while the susceptibility extent of gully development was done using multi-criteria technique in GIS. In assessing the characteristics features of the gullies, Field surveys measurements of gully morphology and hydraulic variables were carried out by the researcher using Global Positioning System (GPS), measuring tape, ranging pole, etc. This help in determining gullied land volume and cross-sectional area. Result of the study shows that the measured gully depth varies from 6.4m at Obong Itam to 25.8m at Enen Atai, while the gully width ranges from 4.1m in Ikot Ekang to 9.3m in Ntiat Itam. The cross-sectional profiles ranges from 45.43m2 to 165.12m2. Also, the cross-sectional profile of the area indicative of V-shape to U- shape, all with very narrow gully width and steeply sloping gully sides, which are features of gullies developed on very loose and incoherent soils that slump/collapse on exposure. On the other hand, the mean sand composition of the soil was 62.2% ranging between 55.3-70.1 while silt ranges from 17.7-25.2 with a mean of 20.2% and clay ranging between 10.0-21.9 with mean of 17.7%. The correlation matrix between the gully depth and cross- sectional area (0.84) and is significant at 99% confidence level, meaning that the retreat of gully sides take place at rates proportional to the rate of gully deepening. In assessing the susceptibility extent of gully development in Itu Local Government Area using multi-criteria Analysis technique, the summary of the map shows that 52.94% of the total study area are highly susceptible to gully development, 28.19% are moderately susceptible while 9.31% and 9.56% marginally and not susceptible respectively to gully development in Itu local government area. The study concludes that the poor soil quality attributes, soil conservation and management practices contribute to gully development in the area, hence, the need for government to enact laws against such activities that favour gully growth and initialization.

VL  - 13
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Ehiremen Lucky

Department of Geography and Natural Resources Management, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria

Contact Email
Abraham Comfort

Department of Geography and Natural Resources Management, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria

Contact Email
Saturday Unyime

Department of Geography and Natural Resources Management, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0005-9084-1536

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Lucky, E., Comfort, A., Unyime, S. (2024). Assessment of Morphometric Characteristics and Gully Development Susceptibility in Itu Local Government Area Using Geographic Information System. Journal of Energy and Natural Resources, 13(3), 125-137. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20241303.12

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ACS Style

Lucky, E.; Comfort, A.; Unyime, S. Assessment of Morphometric Characteristics and Gully Development Susceptibility in Itu Local Government Area Using Geographic Information System. J. Energy Nat. Resour. 2024, 13(3), 125-137. doi: 10.11648/j.jenr.20241303.12

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AMA Style

Lucky E, Comfort A, Unyime S. Assessment of Morphometric Characteristics and Gully Development Susceptibility in Itu Local Government Area Using Geographic Information System. J Energy Nat Resour. 2024;13(3):125-137. doi: 10.11648/j.jenr.20241303.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jenr.20241303.12,
  author = {Ehiremen Lucky and Abraham Comfort and Saturday Unyime},
  title = {Assessment of Morphometric Characteristics and Gully Development Susceptibility in Itu Local Government Area Using Geographic Information System
},
  journal = {Journal of Energy and Natural Resources},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3},
  pages = {125-137},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jenr.20241303.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20241303.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jenr.20241303.12},
  abstract = {The intensification in urbanization and wrong termination of drains into ravine has resulted in gully development which has rendered people homeless and reduced agricultural and economic development. Consequently, this study assessed morphometric characteristics and gully development susceptibility in Itu Local Government Area using Geographic Information System. In conducting this study, measurement of the morphometric parameters of the identified gullies were carried out while the susceptibility extent of gully development was done using multi-criteria technique in GIS. In assessing the characteristics features of the gullies, Field surveys measurements of gully morphology and hydraulic variables were carried out by the researcher using Global Positioning System (GPS), measuring tape, ranging pole, etc. This help in determining gullied land volume and cross-sectional area. Result of the study shows that the measured gully depth varies from 6.4m at Obong Itam to 25.8m at Enen Atai, while the gully width ranges from 4.1m in Ikot Ekang to 9.3m in Ntiat Itam. The cross-sectional profiles ranges from 45.43m2 to 165.12m2. Also, the cross-sectional profile of the area indicative of V-shape to U- shape, all with very narrow gully width and steeply sloping gully sides, which are features of gullies developed on very loose and incoherent soils that slump/collapse on exposure. On the other hand, the mean sand composition of the soil was 62.2% ranging between 55.3-70.1 while silt ranges from 17.7-25.2 with a mean of 20.2% and clay ranging between 10.0-21.9 with mean of 17.7%. The correlation matrix between the gully depth and cross- sectional area (0.84) and is significant at 99% confidence level, meaning that the retreat of gully sides take place at rates proportional to the rate of gully deepening. In assessing the susceptibility extent of gully development in Itu Local Government Area using multi-criteria Analysis technique, the summary of the map shows that 52.94% of the total study area are highly susceptible to gully development, 28.19% are moderately susceptible while 9.31% and 9.56% marginally and not susceptible respectively to gully development in Itu local government area. The study concludes that the poor soil quality attributes, soil conservation and management practices contribute to gully development in the area, hence, the need for government to enact laws against such activities that favour gully growth and initialization.
},
 year = {2024}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessment of Morphometric Characteristics and Gully Development Susceptibility in Itu Local Government Area Using Geographic Information System

AU  - Ehiremen Lucky
AU  - Abraham Comfort
AU  - Saturday Unyime
Y1  - 2024/08/27
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20241303.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.jenr.20241303.12
T2  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
JF  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
JO  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
SP  - 125
EP  - 137
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7404
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20241303.12
AB  - The intensification in urbanization and wrong termination of drains into ravine has resulted in gully development which has rendered people homeless and reduced agricultural and economic development. Consequently, this study assessed morphometric characteristics and gully development susceptibility in Itu Local Government Area using Geographic Information System. In conducting this study, measurement of the morphometric parameters of the identified gullies were carried out while the susceptibility extent of gully development was done using multi-criteria technique in GIS. In assessing the characteristics features of the gullies, Field surveys measurements of gully morphology and hydraulic variables were carried out by the researcher using Global Positioning System (GPS), measuring tape, ranging pole, etc. This help in determining gullied land volume and cross-sectional area. Result of the study shows that the measured gully depth varies from 6.4m at Obong Itam to 25.8m at Enen Atai, while the gully width ranges from 4.1m in Ikot Ekang to 9.3m in Ntiat Itam. The cross-sectional profiles ranges from 45.43m2 to 165.12m2. Also, the cross-sectional profile of the area indicative of V-shape to U- shape, all with very narrow gully width and steeply sloping gully sides, which are features of gullies developed on very loose and incoherent soils that slump/collapse on exposure. On the other hand, the mean sand composition of the soil was 62.2% ranging between 55.3-70.1 while silt ranges from 17.7-25.2 with a mean of 20.2% and clay ranging between 10.0-21.9 with mean of 17.7%. The correlation matrix between the gully depth and cross- sectional area (0.84) and is significant at 99% confidence level, meaning that the retreat of gully sides take place at rates proportional to the rate of gully deepening. In assessing the susceptibility extent of gully development in Itu Local Government Area using multi-criteria Analysis technique, the summary of the map shows that 52.94% of the total study area are highly susceptible to gully development, 28.19% are moderately susceptible while 9.31% and 9.56% marginally and not susceptible respectively to gully development in Itu local government area. The study concludes that the poor soil quality attributes, soil conservation and management practices contribute to gully development in the area, hence, the need for government to enact laws against such activities that favour gully growth and initialization.

VL  - 13
IS  - 3
ER  -

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