This study aims to determine the influence of the content and length of the palm (borassus aethiopum mart.) fibers on the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of Compressed Earth Blocks (CEB). Three fiber contents (0.2%, 0.4% and 0.8%) of different lengths (10 mm, 20 mm, or 40 mm) were used to make CEB. CEB with 0% fiber content were manufactured to serve as control samples. CEB specimens stabilized with palm fibers or not were subjected to various tests according to standard XP P 13-901 for the determination of the following properties: dry density, water absorption, dry compressive strength, abrasion resistance and thermal conductivity. The results show that the dry density of CEB decreases from 4% to 7% when the content and length of the fibers increase respectively from 0.2% and 10 mm in length to 0.8% and 40 mm in length. The water absorption of fiber-containing CEBs ranges from 14% to 22% with increasing fiber content and length. The results also indicate that the mechanical and thermal properties are improved for well-chosen fiber contents. Thus, the dry compressive strength of the fibers increases by more than 13% for a fiber content of 0.2% and a length of 10 mm compared to CEB with 0% fibers. On the other hand, the optimal abrasion resistance values are obtained for a fiber content of 0.4% and a length of 40 mm. For all CEBs, the thermal conductivity values vary from 0.51 W/mK to 0.38 W/mK when the fiber content varies from 0.2% to 0.8%. Overall, palm fiber content has a greater influence on the measured physical, mechanical and thermal characteristics than fiber length.
| Published in | Advances in Materials (Volume 13, Issue 3) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.am.20241303.11 |
| Page(s) | 37-45 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Compressed Earth Block (CEB), Content and Length of Palm Fibers, Dry Compressive Strength, Water Absorption, Abrasion Resistance, Thermal Conductivity
| [1] | C. Ingrao et al., «Energy and environmental assessment of industrial hemp for building applications: A review», Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 51, p. 29-42, nov. 2015, |
| [2] | N. Stevulova, V. Hospodarova, V. Vaclavik, T. Dvorsky, «Physico-Mechanical Properties of Cellulose Fiber-Cement Mortar », Key Eng. Mater., vol. 838, p. 31-38, 2020, |
| [3] | S. P. Kaho, K. C. Kouadio, C. H. Kouakou, E. Emeruwa, «Development of a Composite Material Based on Wood Waste Stabilized with Recycled Expanded Polystyrene», Open J. Compos. Mater., vol. 10, no 3, Art. no 3, juin 2020, |
| [4] | F. Avila, E. Puertas, R. Gallego, «Characterization of the mechanical and physical properties of stabilized rammed earth: A review», Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 325, p. 126693, mars 2022, |
| [5] | T. Kamga Djoumen, I. F. Tiomo, M. Vouffo, F. Ngapgue, M. Sali, V. W. T. Keubou, «Characterization of basaltic rock laterites in Dschang, West-Cameroon: Compressed Earth Bricks (CEB) for low-cost buildings», Case Stud. Constr. Mater., vol. 19, p. e02335, déc. 2023, |
| [6] | H. S. Moussa, P. Nshimiyimana, C. Hema, O. Zoungrana, A. Messan, L. Courard, «Comparative Study of Thermal Comfort Induced from Masonry Made of Stabilized Compressed Earth Block vs Conventional Cementitious Material», J. Miner. Mater. Charact. Eng., vol. 7, no 6, Art. no 6, oct. 2019, |
| [7] | F. P. Torgal, S. Jalali, «Earth Construction», in Eco-efficient Construction and Building Materials, F. Pacheco Torgal et S. Jalali, Éd., London: Springer, 2011, p. 157-181. |
| [8] | S. Chandrasekhar, K. G. Satyanarayana, P. N. Pramada, P. Raghavan, T. N. Gupta, «Review Processing, properties and applications of reactive silica from rice husk—an overview», J. Mater. Sci., vol. 38, no 15, p. 3159-3168, août 2003, |
| [9] | V. Jittin, S. N. Minnu, A. Bahurudeen, «Potential of sugarcane bagasse ash as supplementary cementitious material and comparison with currently used rice husk ash», Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 273, p. 121679, mars 2021, |
| [10] | Y. Millogo, J.-E. Aubert, E. Hamard, J.-C. Morel, «How Properties of Kenaf Fibers from Burkina Faso Contribute to the Reinforcement of Earth Blocks», Materials, vol. 8, no 5, Art. no 5, mai 2015, |
| [11] | J. M. D. Souza et al., «Mechanical and durability properties of compressed stabilized earth brick produced with cassava wastewater», J. Build. Eng., vol. 44, p. 103290, déc. 2021, |
| [12] | M. Barnaure, S. Bonnet, P. Poullain, «Earth buildings with local materials: Assessing the variability of properties measured using non-destructive methods», Constr. Build. Mater. vol. 281, p. 122613, avr. 2021, |
| [13] | D. Abessolo, A. Biwole, F. Didier, B. Morino, B. M. Ganou Koungang, B. Yebga, «Effects of length and content ratio of bamboo fibers on the physical, mechanical andhygroscopic properties of compressed earth blocs used in construction», Afr. Sci. Rev. Int. Sci. Technol., vol. 16, p. 13-22, janv. 2020. |
| [14] | B. Taallah, A. Guettala, S. Guettala, A. Kriker, «Mechanical properties and hygroscopicity behavior of compressed earth block filled by date palm fibers», Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 59, p. 161-168, mai 2014, |
| [15] | S. Namango, «(PDF) Development of cost-effective earthen building material for housing wall construction», phd, Douala, 2006. |
| [16] | A. Bene, A. Fournier, «Chapter 5. Origin and transmission of the culture of the palmyra palm in western Burkina Faso», in Biodiversity of intertropical ecosystems, J.-P. Profizi, S. Ardila-Chauvet, C. Billot, P. Couteron, M. Delmas, T. M. Hanh Diep, P. Grandcolas, K. Kokou, S. Muller, A. S. Rana, H. L. T. Ranarijaona, B. Sonke, Ed., IRD Editions, 2022, p. 91-101. |
| [17] | NF P18-560, «Aggregates - Particle size analysis by sieving», AFNOR Edition, 1990. |
| [18] | NF P94-057, «Soils: recognition and testing - Granulometric analysis of soils - Sedimentation method», AFNOR Edition, 1992. |
| [19] | XP P13-901, «Compressed earth blocks for walls and partitions: definitions - Specifications - Test methods - Acceptance conditions», AFNOR Edition, 2022. |
| [20] | A. Mircea, C. Mircea, H. Szilagyi, C. Baera, A. Hegyi, «Experimental study regarding the influence of fibre to matrix compatibility on general performance of Fibre Engineered Cementitious Materials (FECM)», MATEC Web Conf., vol. 289, p. 04005, 2019, |
| [21] | P. Torgal, S. Jalali, «Cement Composites Reinforced with Vegetable Fibres», in Eco-efficient Construction and Building Materials, F. Pacheco Torgal and S. Jalali, Ed., London: Springer, 2011, p. 143-156. |
| [22] | J. A. Cottrell, M. Ali, A. Tatari, D. B. Martinson, «Effects of Fibre Moisture Content on the Mechanical Properties of Jute Reinforced Compressed Earth Composites», Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 373, p. 130848, |
| [23] | M. Saidi, A. S. Cherif, B. Zeghmati, E. Sediki, «Stabilization effects on the thermal conductivity and sorption behavior of earth bricks», Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 167, p. 566-577, avr. 2018, |
| [24] | N. Kouta, J. Saliba, N. Saiyouri, «Effect of flax fibers on early age shrinkage and cracking of earth concrete», Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 254, p. 119315, sept. 2020, |
| [25] | J. Khedari, P. Watsanasathaporn, J. Hirunlabh, «Development of fibre-based soil–cement block with low thermal conductivity», Cem. Concr. Compos., vol. 27, p. 111-116, janv. 2005, |
| [26] | H. Omrani, L. Hassini, A. Benazzouk, H. Beji, A. ELCafsi, «Elaboration and characterization of clay-sand composite based on Juncus acutus fibers», Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 238, p. 117712, mars 2020, |
| [27] | T. Alene, T. Mohammed, A. Gualu, «Use of Sisal Fiber and Cement to Improve Load Bearing Capacity of Mud Blocks», Mater. Today Commun., vol. 33, p. 104557, oct. 2022, |
| [28] | M. Charai, M. Salhi, O. Horma, A. Mezrhab, M. Karkri, S. Amraqui, «Thermal and mechanical characterization of adobes bio-sourced with Pennisetum setaceum fibers and an application for modern buildings», Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 326, p. 126809, avr. 2022, |
| [29] | O. Izemmouren, «Effet des ajouts minéraux sur la durabilité des briques de terre comprimée.», doctoral, Université Mohamed Khider - Biskra, 2016. http://thesis.univ-biskra.dz/2793/ |
| [30] | R. Sujatha, S. Mahalakshmi, G. Kannan, «Potential of fibre reinforced and cement stabilized fibre reinforced soil blocks as sustainable building units», J. Build. Eng., vol. 78, p. 107733, 2023, |
| [31] | S. Garrouri, W. Lakhal, A. Benazzouk, E. Sediki, «Potential use of Alfa fibers in construction material: Physico-mechanical and thermal characterisation of reinforced specimen», Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 342, p. 127787, août 2022, |
| [32] | P. Poullain, N. Leklou, L. B. Armel, M. Gomina, «Properties of Compressed Earth Blocks Made of Traditional Materials from Benin», Rev. Compos. Matér. Avancés, vol. 29, p. 233-241, nov. 2019, |
| [33] | S. Aninda, M. S. Islam, «Effectiveness of waste concrete powder in fabricating compressed stabilized earth blocks: Strength, durability and thermal assessment», J. Build. Eng., vol. 80, no 2, 2023, |
| [34] | G. K. M. Subramanian, M. Balasubramanian, A. A. Jeya Kumar, «A Review on the Mechanical Properties of Natural Fiber Reinforced Compressed Earth Blocks», J. Nat. Fibers, vol. 19, no 14, p. 7687-7701, oct. 2022, |
| [35] | H. Danso, D. B. Martinson, M. Ali, J. B. Williams, «Physical, mechanical and durability properties of soil building blocks reinforced with natural fibres», Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 101, p. 797-809, déc. 2015, |
| [36] | M. Ouedraogo, K. Dao, Y. Millogo, M. Seynou, J.-E. Aubert, M. Gomina, «Influence of the kenaf fibres (hibiscus altissima) on physical and mechanical properties of adobes», J. Soc. West-Afr. Chim. (2017) 043; 48- 63, 2017. |
| [37] | M. M. Salih, A. I. Osofero, M. S. Imbabi, «Critical review of recent development in fiber reinforced adobe bricks for sustainable construction», Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., vol. 14, no 4, p. 839-854, août 2020, |
| [38] | G. C. Bailly, Y. E. Mendili, A. Konin, E. Khoury, «Advancing Earth-Based Construction: A Comprehensive Review of Stabilization and Reinforcement Techniques for Adobe and Compressed Earth Blocks», NaN, no 2, p. 750-783, 2024, |
| [39] |
L. Zongo, A. Konin, «Optimization of physical and mechanical properties of plant biomass-based materials for eco-construction», Int. J. Innov. Appl. Stud., vol. 25, no 1, Art. no 1, déc. 2018,
http://www.ijias.issr-journals.org/abstract.php?article=IJIAS-18-144-17 |
APA Style
Koffi, S., Konin, A. (2024). Influence of the Addition of Palm (Borassus Aethiopum Mart.) Fibers on the Durability of Compressed Earth Blocks. Advances in Materials, 13(3), 37-45. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20241303.11
ACS Style
Koffi, S.; Konin, A. Influence of the Addition of Palm (Borassus Aethiopum Mart.) Fibers on the Durability of Compressed Earth Blocks. Adv. Mater. 2024, 13(3), 37-45. doi: 10.11648/j.am.20241303.11
AMA Style
Koffi S, Konin A. Influence of the Addition of Palm (Borassus Aethiopum Mart.) Fibers on the Durability of Compressed Earth Blocks. Adv Mater. 2024;13(3):37-45. doi: 10.11648/j.am.20241303.11
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.am.20241303.11,
author = {Stephane Koffi and Athanas Konin},
title = {Influence of the Addition of Palm (Borassus Aethiopum Mart.) Fibers on the Durability of Compressed Earth Blocks
},
journal = {Advances in Materials},
volume = {13},
number = {3},
pages = {37-45},
doi = {10.11648/j.am.20241303.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20241303.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.am.20241303.11},
abstract = {This study aims to determine the influence of the content and length of the palm (borassus aethiopum mart.) fibers on the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of Compressed Earth Blocks (CEB). Three fiber contents (0.2%, 0.4% and 0.8%) of different lengths (10 mm, 20 mm, or 40 mm) were used to make CEB. CEB with 0% fiber content were manufactured to serve as control samples. CEB specimens stabilized with palm fibers or not were subjected to various tests according to standard XP P 13-901 for the determination of the following properties: dry density, water absorption, dry compressive strength, abrasion resistance and thermal conductivity. The results show that the dry density of CEB decreases from 4% to 7% when the content and length of the fibers increase respectively from 0.2% and 10 mm in length to 0.8% and 40 mm in length. The water absorption of fiber-containing CEBs ranges from 14% to 22% with increasing fiber content and length. The results also indicate that the mechanical and thermal properties are improved for well-chosen fiber contents. Thus, the dry compressive strength of the fibers increases by more than 13% for a fiber content of 0.2% and a length of 10 mm compared to CEB with 0% fibers. On the other hand, the optimal abrasion resistance values are obtained for a fiber content of 0.4% and a length of 40 mm. For all CEBs, the thermal conductivity values vary from 0.51 W/mK to 0.38 W/mK when the fiber content varies from 0.2% to 0.8%. Overall, palm fiber content has a greater influence on the measured physical, mechanical and thermal characteristics than fiber length.
},
year = {2024}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of the Addition of Palm (Borassus Aethiopum Mart.) Fibers on the Durability of Compressed Earth Blocks AU - Stephane Koffi AU - Athanas Konin Y1 - 2024/08/20 PY - 2024 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20241303.11 DO - 10.11648/j.am.20241303.11 T2 - Advances in Materials JF - Advances in Materials JO - Advances in Materials SP - 37 EP - 45 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2327-252X UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20241303.11 AB - This study aims to determine the influence of the content and length of the palm (borassus aethiopum mart.) fibers on the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of Compressed Earth Blocks (CEB). Three fiber contents (0.2%, 0.4% and 0.8%) of different lengths (10 mm, 20 mm, or 40 mm) were used to make CEB. CEB with 0% fiber content were manufactured to serve as control samples. CEB specimens stabilized with palm fibers or not were subjected to various tests according to standard XP P 13-901 for the determination of the following properties: dry density, water absorption, dry compressive strength, abrasion resistance and thermal conductivity. The results show that the dry density of CEB decreases from 4% to 7% when the content and length of the fibers increase respectively from 0.2% and 10 mm in length to 0.8% and 40 mm in length. The water absorption of fiber-containing CEBs ranges from 14% to 22% with increasing fiber content and length. The results also indicate that the mechanical and thermal properties are improved for well-chosen fiber contents. Thus, the dry compressive strength of the fibers increases by more than 13% for a fiber content of 0.2% and a length of 10 mm compared to CEB with 0% fibers. On the other hand, the optimal abrasion resistance values are obtained for a fiber content of 0.4% and a length of 40 mm. For all CEBs, the thermal conductivity values vary from 0.51 W/mK to 0.38 W/mK when the fiber content varies from 0.2% to 0.8%. Overall, palm fiber content has a greater influence on the measured physical, mechanical and thermal characteristics than fiber length. VL - 13 IS - 3 ER -
Research Division, Building and Publics Works Laboratory, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
Civil Engineering Department, Felix HOUPHOUËT-BOIGNY National Polytechnical Institute (INP-HB), Yamoussoukro, Ivory Coast
